A separate storm sewer system is a collection of structures, including retention basins, ditches, roadside inlets, and underground pipes, designed to gather storm water from built-up areas and discharge it, without treatment, into local streams and rivers. It’s called a separate system because it’s not connected to the sanitary sewer system which drains wastewater from inside a home to a sewage treatment facility or a private septic system.

Clean water is important to us because it provides us with drinking water, a place for recreation, and supports habitat for wildlife. Collier Township has initiated a public education program on storm water management because of its effect on water quality. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, polluted storm water runoff is a leading cause of impairment to the nearly 40% of U.S water bodies which do not meet water quality standards.

Storm water is water from precipitation that flows across the ground and pavement when it rains or when snow and ice melt. Storm water travels over land. Sometimes the ground absorbs storm water, and it never reaches streams, rivers, and lakes. Other times storm water traveling over land eventually drains into a system of conveyances. This system is referred to as a municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4).

By definition an MS4 is a system of conveyances that discharge into waters of the United States that include catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches, man-made channels, pipes, tunnels, and storm drains.

MS4Purpose
An MS4 moves water away from an area to a local water body. The EPA is now requiring certain urbanized municipalities to address storm water quality. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection has outlined a program for Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4’s). In Pennsylvania Phase I of the program focused on large and medium sized cities above 100,000 population (Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, etc.). Collier Township is one of about 900 municipalities in Phase II of the program. We are required to educate the public as part of a 5 year permit program.
Storm Water Runoff
When it rains, the draining water is called storm water runoff. Storm water can be a problem when there is a decrease in quality and an increase in quantity. Development can alter the natural pathway that storm water takes to travel over land, and increases the rate at which it travels over the land by changing porous surfaces (soil) to non-porous, or impervious surfaces (pavement). Natural surfaces, such as soil, act as a filter for storm water and clean it as it infiltrates into the ground.

When a pervious surface is converted into an impervious surface, pollutants on the surface are collected by the storm water as it travels over the land, and deposits them into water when it discharges from the MS4. As a result of developed and disturbed land, storm water becomes a problem because the quality of the storm water runoff decreases as it accumulates pollutants that collect on the ground. Pollutants concentrated in storm water runoff eventually decrease the overall water quality of lakes, rivers, and streams that receive storm water discharges. The quantity and speed of storm water runoff moving over the land increases. This means that a greater volume of polluted runoff is reaching our lakes, rivers, and streams at a faster pace. This can result in flooding, as well as more polluted waters. As the amount of impervious surfaces in our community increases by creating more roads, rooftops, and parking lots, the quantity of storm water increases. If the storm water system cannot drain the runoff from impervious surfaces quickly enough, flooding can result. Storm water runoff picks up litter from streets and carries it to storm drains. Sometimes litter will clog an inlet and make it difficult for storm water to drain properly. This could lead to flooding if the drain is clogged enough. Storm water runoff can also contribute to erosion from areas that do not have vegetative cover, such as construction sites. We can see pollutants such as sediment. Pollutants that we can’t see, such as bacteria and toxic chemicals, could result in illness. Thermal impacts from storm water runoff heating up as it travels over hot pavement can harm aquatic life that need cool water to survive. Illicit discharges, such as dumping antifreeze down a storm drain, are an example of how a contaminant can enter the storm sewer system and contribute to storm water contamination.

Treatment
It is important to understand that wastewater from the sanitary sewer system gets treated. Storm water traveling trough a separated storm sewer system never gets to a treatment plant. It discharges directly to our water, along with everything it picks up on its journey over the land. Storm water, which does not get treated, becomes a problem when it picks up debris, chemicals, dirt, and other pollutants as it flows eventually reaching a lake, river, stream, wetland, or coastal water.
Adverse Effects
Polluted storm water runoff can have these adverse effects:

  • Sediment can cloud the water and make if difficult or impossible for aquatic plants to grow.
  • Bacteria can wash into swimming areas and create health hazards.
  • Plastic bags, six-pack rings, bottles, and other debris washed into water bodies can disable aquatic life such as ducks, fish, turtles, and birds.
  • Household hazardous wastes such as insecticides, pesticides, paint solvents, used motor oil, and other auto fluids can poison aquatic life. Land animals and people can become sick or die from eating diseased fish or ingesting polluted water.
  • Polluted storm water can affect drinking water, which can affect human health and increase drinking water treatment costs.
  • Waste from chemicals and materials used in construction can wash into the storm sewer when it rains.
Pollution Prevention
Ways to prevent storm water pollution:

  • Never pour any hazardous substance such as used oil, cleaning supplies and paint down any part of the storm sewer system.
  • Use pesticides and fertilizers sparingly to prevent excess runoff.
  • Never dump automotive fluids into storm drains.
  • Correct motor vehicle leaks (vehicles drip fluids such as oil, grease, gasoline, antifreeze, and brake fluid).
  • When walking your pet, pick up the waste and dispose of it properly. Leaving pet waste on the ground increases public health risks by allowing harmful bacteria to wash into the storm drain and eventually into local water bodies.
  • Sweep up litter and debris from sidewalks, driveways, and parking lots, especially around storm drains to avoid having it wash into the storm sewer system.
Stormwater Information from the DEP
For more information related to Stormwater Management, please visit the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection’s website by clicking here.
Protecting Natural Features
At a construction site, it is important to protect the natural features by:

  • Minimizing the amount of exposed soil, because the less soil that is exposed the easier and cheaper it will be to control erosion.
  • Identify and protect areas where existing vegetation, such as trees, will not be disturbed by construction activity.
  • Protect streams, wild woodlands, wetlands, and other sensitive areas from any disturbance or construction activity by fencing or otherwise clearly marking those areas.

Where ever possible sequence construction activities so that the soil is not exposed for long periods of time. Schedule site stabilization activities such as landscaping to be completed as quickly as possible after the land has been graded to the final contour.

Silt Fencing
  • Inspect and maintain silt fences after each rainstorm.
  • Make sure the bottom of the silt fence is buried in the ground.
  • Securely attach the material to the stakes.
Construction Entrance
  • Make sure the construction entrance doesn’t become buried in soil.
  • Regular street sweeping at construction entrance will prevent dirt from entering storm drains.

Installing and maintaining pollution prevention techniques on site can reduce the potential for storm water pollution and help protect our nation’s water supply. Learn more about how you can help protect the water supply by clicking the links below.
Car Washing
Many residents don’t associate their vehicle washing activities with local water quality and may be unaware that the discharges that enter storm drains are not treated before being discharged into local waters. Outdoor car washing has the potential to result in soap, scum, and oily grit in water flowing down the street and into the storm drain. To reduce the impact, where possible, wash your car on gravel, grass, or other permeable surfaces.
Construction
The construction industry has a key role to play in storm water management. As storm water flows over a construction site, it can pick up pollutants such as sediment, debris, and chemicals. Uncontrolled erosion can have a significant financial impact on a construction project. It costs time and money to repair gullies, replace vegetation, clean sediment clogged storm drains, and mitigate damage to other people’s property.
Fertilizer
Excess fertilizers and pesticides applied to lawns and gardens wash off and can pollute streams. Use pesticides and fertilizers in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommended amount. Never leave yard waste in the street and don’t sweep it into storm drains or streams.
Pet Waste
Pet waste can be a major source of bacteria and excess nutrients in local waters. When walking your pet, pick up the waste and dispose of it properly. Flushing pet waste in the toilet is the best disposal method. Leaving pet waste on the ground increases public health risks by allowing harmful bacteria and nutrients to wash into the storm drain and eventually into local water bodies.
Rain Gardens
Our waterways are not as clean as they once were due to water pollution, such as stormwater runoff. Storm water is water from rain or melting snow that does not quickly soak into the ground. Storm water runs from rooftops, over driveways, sidewalks, and lawns, collecting and carrying pollutants, such as dirt, pet waste, oil and grease, pesticides, fertilizers, leaves, and litter into our waterways.
Vehicle Maintenance
Repair motor vehicle leaks and never dump into a drain, or ditch used motor vehicle fluids such as solvents, antifreeze, brake fluid, and motor oil. When it rains or snows, the flowing water can carry oil, antifreeze, and other fluids away ending up in streams, rivers, and lakes killing aquatic life and seriously polluting water bodies where people swim, fish, and boat.

Unfiltered & Untreated

Houses and neighborhoods that are not next to a stream or lake can still contribute to the problem. Storm drains found in most local neighborhoods are designed to move runoff from your neighborhood to the nearest body of water. While many people believe otherwise, stormwater is not filtered in wastewater treatment plants before entering streams and rivers. Storm drains carry unfiltered and untreated water directly into our local rivers and streams. Lots of pollution from stormwater runoff can make our waterways very unhealthy for people, plants, and animals.

Protect Our Streams

Help us green our neighborhoods and protect our streams by building a rain garden in a local watershed. Participate in a community rain garden planting or install a rain garden in your own yard! Read the tips on this page in creating a rain garden that will help to keep our waters healthy and protect our community from flooding and polluted runoff during storms.

Further Information

For more details on building your own rain garden or getting involved in the rain water garden community efforts, contact The Rain Gardens for the Bays Campaign, supported by the Mid-Atlantic Estuary Program, state, and local partners, which hopes to collaborate to encourage healthier waterways by creating thousands of rain gardens in our backyards, school campuses, town halls, libraries, local businesses and on our corporate lands.

Pennsylvania’s first two MS4s were Pittsburgh and Philadelphia which have been in the program since the 1990’s. The state’s remaining MS4s, around 950 of them in 2018, started getting enrolled in the early 2000’s.The program is managed by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection or DEP, which fulfills this role to comply with federal mandates under the Clean Water Act. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has an oversight role because they are the federal agency charged with implementing the Clean Water Act.